If you have ever been around religious skeptics, you have probably heard attacks on the biblical account of the flood. One such opposition to the flood narrative is an argument that other religions have similar flood stories. Clearly, the skeptics will argue, if multiple religions have the same sort of flood story, we can understand that all religions are the same with all the same sorts of myths.
I believe that there are three responses to this sort of skepticism. First, I would argue that it makes perfect sense that multiple ancient religions would have a flood story. If a global flood actually took place around 2300-2400 BC, one would expect that this story would have been passed down through more channels than inspires Scripture. After all, both American and British history books tell of the war of 1776 even if they might call it by a different name or have a different opinion of its causes. Thus, the existence of flood narratives in other religious texts is no argument against the Bible.
Looking to the other side of the coin, I would argue that the second thing that we need to grasp here is that the flood narratives from these other religions is not at all the same as the Bible’s telling. For example, the Bible is quite clear that it is the sin of man in the face of a holy and just God that is the cause of the global flood. But, as we read in the New International Commentary on the Old Testament:
According to a related flood story, the Atrahasis Epic, twelve hundred years after man’s creation his noise and commotion has become so loud that Enlil starts to suffer from insomnia. Enlil sends a plague to eradicate boisterous humanity, only to have his plan thwarted. Next he tries drought and famine, which are also unsuccessful. Finally a flood is sent, which Atrahasis survives by building a boat. To call this noise moral turbulence or, to understand the clamor of mankind as man’s chronic depravity reads into the text far too much. The problem is simply that there are too many people, with the result that there is too much noise. There is a limit on Enlil’s auditory capacities. It really should not surprise us that in a system of thought where the gods are not necessarily morally superior to human beings, and where the line between good and evil is blurred, there is no recording of the fact that man is to be drowned because he is a rebel and a sinner.[1]
Others compare the ancient myth of Gilgamesh to the Noah account. But there are significant differences. Gilgamesh survives the flood floating in a vessel that is a perfect cube—a shape unlikely to float or to remain upright. The biblical ark is shaped with perfect ship’s proportions. In Gilgamesh, the flood was a week-long event whereas the biblical account takes over a year.
In Scripture, God is clearly sovereign over the world. He is fully in control of the flood and its horrors. But see the following descriptions of how the flood terrified the false gods of the Gilgamesh tale (:
The gods were frightened by the Flood,
and retreated, ascending to the heaven of Anu.
The gods were cowering like dogs, crouching by the outer wall.
Ishtar shrieked like a woman in childbirth,
the sweet-voiced Mistress of the Gods wailed:
‘The olden days have alas turned to clay,
because I said evil things in the Assembly of the Gods!
How could I say evil things in the Assembly of the Gods,
ordering a catastrophe to destroy my people!!
No sooner have I given birth to my dear people
than they fill the sea like so many fish!’
The gods–those of the Anunnaki–were weeping with her,
the gods humbly sat weeping, sobbing with grief(?),
their lips burning, parched with thirst.
Six days and seven nights
came the wind and flood, the storm flattening the land.
When the seventh day arrived, the storm was pounding,
the flood was a war–struggling with itself like a woman
writhing (in labor).
The sea calmed, fell still, the whirlwind (and) flood stopped up.[2]
A fair look at these accounts says that, while there are understandable similarities, there is no way to see the Bible’s account as just the same as other ancient myths. Noah’s account is far less fantastical, far less confused, and far more simple and logical.
The third response, the one which is most important, is that the flood narrative is part of Holy Scripture, a Bible which speaks for itself of its own inspiration. Jesus believed in the flood. The witness of the Holy Spirit throughout the generation speaks of the truthfulness of the flood. The tone and feel of the Bible’s narrative has a far more realistic and honest smell about it. Thus, for the simple truth that “All Scripture is inspired by God” (2 Timothy 3:16) is why we believe the truth of the flood of Genesis.
[1] Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis Chapters 1-17 in The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1990), Genesis 6:5-10.
[2] The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet XI, Accessed 25 May 2016, available from http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/gilgamesh/tab11.htm; internet.